The Life of the Hive in January

In January the bees cluster tightly around their queen, vibrating their wing muscles to generate heat. The core temperature of the cluster stays around 92°F to protect the queen and any present brood. Bees are unlikely to leave the hive for foraging due to low temperatures, except on occasional sunny, mild days. Colonies rely on stored honey and pollen to meet their energy needs. Starvation is a major risk during this time.

What Beekeepers Should Be Doing

1. Monitor Hive Weight

• Regularly heft or use a scale to check the hive's weight. A light hive indicates low stores, which could lead to starvation.

• If needed, provide emergency feeding, such as fondant, sugar bricks, or winter patties. Avoid liquid feed, as it can chill the bees.

2. Check for Dead-outs

• Conduct quick inspections during mild weather (above 50°F) to identify and remove dead-outs. Cleaning out dead hives promptly prevents disease and pests from spreading.

3. Insulate and Ventilate

• Ensure that hives are well-insulated to retain heat while providing adequate ventilation to reduce moisture buildup. Condensation inside the hive can be more harmful than cold temperatures.

• Use moisture-absorbing materials like quilt boxes or shavings to keep the hive dry.

4. Observe and Record

• Stand near the hives on warm days to listen for activity or check for cleansing flights.

• Look for signs of trouble, such as bees dying at the entrance, which could indicate disease or queen issues.

5. Prepare for Spring

• Review your equipment and repair or replace any damaged parts.

• Clean and sterilize tools, frames, and boxes to minimize disease risks.

• Order packages, nucs, or queens now if you plan to expand your apiary in the spring.

6. Plan Your Apiary Goals

• Reflect on last year’s successes and challenges.

• Set goals for the upcoming season, whether it’s increasing honey production, improving pest management, or focusing on queen rearing.

Seasonal Challenges in Southeastern Virginia

• Moisture: Humidity is a common issue in this region. Proper hive ventilation is essential to combat damp conditions.

• Sudden Warm Spells: Bees may break cluster during mild winter days. Ensure they have access to food to prevent starvation if stores are depleted.

• Pests and Predators: While less active, small hive beetles and mice can still pose threats. Ensure your hives are pest-proofed.

Why January Matters

This is a month of preparation and vigilance. While honey bees may seem dormant, their survival hinges on the decisions and care you provide now. By ensuring your colonies have the resources and conditions they need, you’re setting them up for a productive and healthy spring.

Upcoming Events

Stay engaged and informed by exploring workshops and beekeeping association meetings. January is an ideal time to connect with a local club, discover new techniques, and network with fellow beekeepers. At Stone Horse Apiary & Apothecary, we’re kicking off our Spring Apprenticeship Program in March. If you’re eager to gain hands-on experience before starting your journey as a beekeeper, join us this spring in our bee yard to learn practical skills and immerse yourself in the world of honey bees.